清理不再需要的软件包

类似于 apt autoremove：

$ pacman -Qtdq | sudo pacman -Rns -

How to remove orphaned unused packages in Arch Linux
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/delete-remove-orphaned-unused-packages-arch-linux-pacman-command/

根据文件名查找软件包

先更新文件数据库，类似于 apt-file update, yum updateinfo：

$ sudo pacman -Fy

类似于 apt-file search, yum provides：

$ pacman -F libgstqmlgl.so
extra/gst-plugin-qmlgl 1.22.1-2
    usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so

使用正则表达式：

$ pacman -Fx libgstqml
extra/gst-plugin-qml6 1.22.1-2
    usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqml6.so
extra/gst-plugin-qmlgl 1.22.1-2 [installed]
    usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so

根据关键字搜索软件包

类似于 apt search, yum search

$ pacman -Ss gst-plugin-qml
extra/gst-plugin-qml6 1.22.1-2
    Multimedia graph framework - qml6 plugin
extra/gst-plugin-qmlgl 1.22.1-2 [installed]
    Multimedia graph framework - qmlgl plugin

查看软件包信息

类似于 apt show, yum info

$ pacman -Si gst-libav
Repository      : extra
Name            : gst-libav
Version         : 1.22.1-2
Description     : Multimedia graph framework - libav plugin

列出软件包中文件

$ pacman -Fl zsh
zsh etc/
zsh etc/zsh/
zsh etc/zsh/zprofile
zsh usr/
zsh usr/bin/
zsh usr/bin/zsh

查看本地未安装软件安装包信息

类似于 dpkg -I, rpm -qpi

$ pacman -Qpi gst-libav-1.22.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst 
Name            : gst-libav
Version         : 1.22.2-1
Description     : Multimedia graph framework - libav plugin

列出本地未安装软件包中文件

类似于 dpkg -c, rpm -qpl

$ pacman -Qpl ./gst-plugin-qmlgl-1.22.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so

列出本地已安装软件包

类似于 dpkg -l, rpm -qa

$ pacman -Q | grep glib2
glib2 2.76.1-1

列出本地已安装软件包中文件

类似于 dpkg -L, rpm -ql

$ pacman -Ql gst-plugin-qmlgl
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/
gst-plugin-qmlgl /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so

下载软件包但不安装

$ sudo pacman -Sw gst-libav
$ ls /var/cache/pacman/pkg/
gst-libav-1.22.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst  gst-libav-1.22.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst.sig

安装本地软件包

类似于 dpkg -i, rpm -Uvh

$ sudo pacman -U gst-libav-1.22.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst

根据本地文件路径查找所属软件包

类似于 dpkg -S, rpm -qf

$ pacman -Qo /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so
/usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstqmlgl.so is owned by gst-plugin-qmlgl 1.22.1-2

解压软件包

类似于 dpkg -x, rpm2cpio | cpio -div

$ tar xf gst-libav-1.22.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst

$ for i in $(ls *.pkg.tar.zst); do tar -xf $i -C ../built; done

参考资料

Pacman queries the local package database with the -Q flag, the sync database with the -S flag and the files database with the -F flag. See pacman -Qh, pacman -Sh and pacman -Fh for the respective suboptions of each flag.

Querying package databases
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman#Querying_package_databases

In Arch Linux how can I find out which package to install that will contain file X?
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14858/in-arch-linux-how-can-i-find-out-which-package-to-install-that-will-contain-file

最后修改于 2023-07-08