新电脑 R9000K 是去年买的，因此最初记录的只是 20.04 相关的一些东西，后面系统升级至 21.10 以及 22.04 就把 20.04 特有的东西做了清理，感慨每次升级总是有一些东西要折腾。
现在的 Linux 系统相比 06/07 年在学校那会已经非常的易用了，至今仍能想起在学校第一次用 hustauth 在 Fedora Core 上实现锐捷认证时的喜悦（后面有了 Mentohust，锐捷认证就变得很简单了）。
安装必要的设置软件
$ sudo apt install gnome-tweaks
$ sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions
$ sudo apt install gnome-control-center
Nvidia driver
Ubuntu 22.04 从 Nvidia 470 驱动升级 515 驱动时（即使是官网下载的驱动），可能出现如下的错误：
[ 3141.130219] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 515.65.01, but
NVRM: this kernel module has the version 470.141.03. Please
NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver
NVRM: components have the same version.
[ 3248.189877] nvidia_uvm: module uses symbols from proprietary module nvidia, inheriting taint.
[ 3248.189970] nvidia_uvm: Unknown symbol nvUvmInterfacePagingChannelAllocate (err -2)
[ 3248.189995] nvidia_uvm: Unknown symbol nvUvmInterfacePagingChannelsMap (err -2)
[ 3248.190007] nvidia_uvm: disagrees about version of symbol nvUvmInterfaceSetPageDirectory
[ 3248.190007] nvidia_uvm: Unknown symbol nvUvmInterfaceSetPageDirectory (err -22)
[ 3248.190028] nvidia_uvm: Unknown symbol nvUvmInterfacePagingChannelPushStream (err -2)
[ 3248.190066] nvidia_uvm: disagrees about version of symbol nvUvmInterfaceRegisterGpu
[ 3248.190066] nvidia_uvm: Unknown symbol nvUvmInterfaceRegisterGpu (err -22)
$ cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module 470.141.03 Thu Jun 30 18:45:31 UTC 2022
GCC version: gcc version 11.2.0 (Ubuntu 11.2.0-19ubuntu1)
$ cat /sys/module/nvidia/version
470.141.03
$ dkms status
nvidia/515.65.01, 5.15.0-47-generic, x86_64: installed
$ ls /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/
515.65.01 kernel-5.15.0-47-generic-x86_64
更新 initramfs 即可：
$ sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
How to fix “NVRM: API mismatch” between client version and kernel module version when installing Nvidia drivers for a GTX 560 Ti in Ubuntu 20.04?
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70276412/how-to-fix-nvrm-api-mismatch-between-client-version-and-kernel-module-version
Ubuntu Linux Install Nvidia Driver
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-linux-install-nvidia-driver-latest-proprietary-driver/
input method
$ sudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-pinyin fcitx5-module-cloudpinyin
Fcitx Chinese Input Setup on Ubuntu for Gaming
https://leimao.github.io/blog/Ubuntu-Gaming-Chinese-Input/
editor
$ sudo apt install vim
$ sudo update-alternatives --config editor
theme
MacOS Big Sur like theme for Gnome desktops
https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme.git
MacOS Big Sur style icon theme for linux desktops
https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-icon-theme.git
BigSur GRUB Theme
https://github.com/Teraskull/bigsur-grub2-theme.git
默认的窗口圆角太浮夸了，可以改小一些：
Change the
$wm_radius: 14px; insrc/sass/_variables.scss
$ git diff
diff --git a/src/sass/_variables.scss b/src/sass/_variables.scss
index 6e6a810..baaf4b1 100644
--- a/src/sass/_variables.scss
+++ b/src/sass/_variables.scss
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ $base_spacing: if($laptop == 'false', 6px, 4px);
$circular_radius: 9999px;
$bt_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 6px, 6px);
$bd_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 8px, 8px);
-$wm_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 12px, 12px);
+$wm_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 3px, 3px);
$mn_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 10px, 10px);
$dash_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 24px, 18px);
$base_border_radius: if($laptop == 'false', 8px, 8px);
Decrease the corner radius
https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme/issues/33
extension
Dash to Panel
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/
ArcMenu
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3628/arcmenu/
AppIndicator
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/615/appindicator-support/
User Themes
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/19/user-themes/
Lunar Calendar 农历
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/675/lunar-calendar/
$ sudo apt install gir1.2-lunardate-3.0
$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/
$ sudo cp /usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/lunar-date.mo /usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/lunar-date.mo
在 21.10 上，如果任务栏不显示 Nautilus Filer，则需要禁用 Ubuntu Dock 插件（右键任务栏，选择 Extensions 进行配置）：
如果还不行的话：
$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock isolate-locations false
dash-to-panel: Folders don’t appear on taskbar
https://github.com/home-sweet-gnome/dash-to-panel/issues/1500#issuecomment-962511964
安装 Desktop Icons NG 插件，解决桌面不能当作文件夹使用的问题：
$ sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons-ng
注意，该插件无法手工安装：
Desktop Icons NG (DING)
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/2087/desktop-icons-ng-ding/
wine
HiDPI
$ winecfg
How do I set scaling in Wine?
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1337156/how-do-i-set-scaling-in-wine
微信
[Desktop Entry]
Name=WeChat
Exec=env LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 wine "/home/runsisi/.wine/dosdevices/c:/Program Files (x86)/Tencent/WeChat/WeChat.exe"
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Path="/home/runsisi/.wine/dosdevices/c:/Program Files (x86)/Tencent/WeChat"
Icon=E03C_WeChat.0
StartupWMClass=wechat.exe
Desktop entry, or other convinent but safe way to exec multiple statements
https://askubuntu.com/questions/725753/desktop-entry-or-other-convinent-but-safe-way-to-exec-multiple-statements
微信字体
$ sudo apt install fonts-wqy-microhei
$ cat font.reg
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"MS Shell Dlg"="wqy-microhei"
"MS Shell Dlg 2"="wqy-microhei"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLink]
"Lucida Sans Unicode"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Microsoft Sans Serif"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"MS Sans Serif"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Tahoma"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Tahoma Bold"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"wqy-microhei"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
"Arial Black"="wqy-microhei.ttc"
$ wine regedit font.reg
微信输入框
$ sudo apt install winetricks
$ winetricks riched20
notepad++
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Notepad++
Exec=env WINEPREFIX="/home/runsisi/.wine" LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 wine "/home/runsisi/.wine/dosdevices/c:/Program Files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe"
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Path=/home/runsisi/.wine/dosdevices/c:/Program Files/Notepad++
Icon=7ABC_notepad++.0
StartupWMClass=notepad++.exe
notepad++ 中文字符方块
选择合适的字体即可：
UI 字体如果乱码，导入上面字体替换的注册表项即可。
网易云音乐
库依赖问题
$ cd /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/
$ ./netease-cloud-music.bash
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/netease-cloud-music: /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libselinux.so.1: no version information available (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0)
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/netease-cloud-music: symbol lookup error: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_module_open_full
$ LD_DEBUG=libs ./netease-cloud-music.bash
37349: /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libselinux.so.1: error: version lookup error: no version information available (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0) (continued)
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/netease-cloud-music: /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libselinux.so.1: no version information available (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0)
37349: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0: error: symbol lookup error: undefined symbol: g_module_open_full (fatal)
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/netease-cloud-music: symbol lookup error: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0: undefined symbol: g_module_open_full
但是系统自带的动态库定义了相应的符号：
$ ll /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 4月 14 21:35 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0 -> libgio-2.0.so.0.7200.1
$ readelf -sW /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0.7200.1 | grep g_module_open_full
419: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND g_module_open_full
$ ldd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0.7200.1
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe641eb000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f92c9af4000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f92c9a94000)
libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f92c9a8d000)
$ readelf -sW /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0.7200.1 | grep g_module_open_full
40: 0000000000002970 2469 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 g_module_open_full
因为程序修改了 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量，导致加载的是自带的动态库：
$ cat /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/netease-cloud-music.bash
#!/bin/sh
HERE="$(dirname "$(readlink -f "${0}")")"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${HERE}"/libs
export QT_PLUGIN_PATH="${HERE}"/plugins
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH="${HERE}"/plugins/platforms
exec "${HERE}"/netease-cloud-music $@
$ locate libgmodule-2.0.so.0
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libgmodule-2.0.so.0
$ file /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libgmodule-2.0.so.0
/opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libgmodule-2.0.so.0: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=89682f18a3e4126c5c57336057a23707c3d60cf5, stripped
拷贝系统相应的动态库覆盖程序自带的即可：
$ sudo cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0.7200.1 /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libgmodule-2.0.so.0
$ sudo cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpango-1.0.so.0.5000.6 /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libpango-1.0.so.0
$ sudo cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfribidi.so.0.4.0 /opt/netease/netease-cloud-music/libs/libfribidi.so.0
最近发现有严重的内存泄漏的问题，网易官方好像也不再升级维护了，不用也罢。
hidpi
$ sudo vi /usr/share/applications/netease-cloud-music.desktop
Exec=env QT_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTORS=2 netease-cloud-music %U
stardict
autoreconf: running: /usr/bin/autoconf --force --warnings=no-portability
configure.ac:445: error: possibly undefined macro: AM_GCONF_SOURCE_2
If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.
See the Autoconf documentation.
autoreconf: /usr/bin/autoconf failed with exit status: 1
$ sudo apt install libgconf2-dev
$ sudo apt install devscripts equivs
$ git clone https://salsa.debian.org/debian/stardict.git
$ cd stardict/
$ sudo mk-build-deps -i debian/control
$ dpkg-buildpackage -b -us -uc
stardict: build-depends on deprecated gnome-doc-utils
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=947540
(gdb) bt
#0 0x00007ffff71a5834 in XkbUseExtension () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
#1 0x00007ffff719e11c in XKeysymToKeycode () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6
#2 0x00005555555f5f05 in x11_hotkeys::get_offending_modifiers(_XDisplay*) (dpy=0x5555556f21a0) at x11_iskeyspressed.cpp:50
#3 0x00005555555f6eec in x11_hotkeys::x11_hotkeys(_GtkWindow*) (this=this@entry=0x555556067e50, win_=win_@entry=0x55555578e2a0) at x11_iskeyspressed.cpp:252
#4 0x00005555555f299e in PlatformFactory::create_class_by_name(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, void*) (name="hotkeys", param=0x55555578e2a0) at class_factory.cpp:71
#5 0x00005555555a6f1f in AppCore::Create(char const*) (this=0x7fffffffbae0, queryword=0x0) at stardict.cpp:408
#6 0x00005555555a7e07 in AppCore::Init(char const*) (this=0x7fffffffbae0, queryword=0x0) at stardict.cpp:2117
#7 0x00007ffff73b4c0f in g_closure_invoke () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0
#8 0x00007ffff73d0ea6 in () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0
#9 0x00007ffff73d2884 in g_signal_emit_valist () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0
#10 0x00007ffff73d2ad3 in g_signal_emit () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0
#11 0x00007ffff74d79d8 in () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0
#12 0x00007ffff74d7bb6 in g_application_run () at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0
#13 0x000055555559d7fc in main(int, char**) (argc=<optimized out>, argv=<optimized out>) at stardict.cpp:2498
https://github.com/clementine-player/Clementine/issues/6587
Clementine segfaults when QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland
Sakura terminal crashes with “Segmentation fault”
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=905203
$ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
wayland
$ GDK_BACKEND=x11 stardict
$ sudo vi /usr/share/applications/stardict.desktop
Exec=env GDK_BACKEND=x11 stardict
词典：
$ ls
stardict-21cen-2.4.2.tar.bz2 stardict-langdao-ce-gb-2.4.2.tar.bz2
stardict-babylon-oald4-cn-2.4.2.tar.bz2 stardict-langdao-ec-gb-2.4.2.tar.bz2
stardict-babylon-oxford-encn-2.4.2.tar.bz2 stardict-oald-cn-2.4.2.tar.bz2
$ mkdir -p ~/.stardict/dic
$ for i in $(ls); do tar -C ~/.stardict/dic/ -xjf $i; done
去掉广告：
$ git diff -- dict/src/mainwin.cpp
diff --git a/dict/src/mainwin.cpp b/dict/src/mainwin.cpp
index a635c15..5c62bdf 100644
--- a/dict/src/mainwin.cpp
+++ b/dict/src/mainwin.cpp
@@ -3052,7 +3052,7 @@ void BottomWin::Create(GtkWidget *vbox)
news_label = gtk_label_new(NULL);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(movenews_event_box), news_label);
gtk_misc_set_alignment (GTK_MISC (news_label), 0.0, 0.5);
- gtk_widget_show(news_label);
+// gtk_widget_show(news_label);
#if GTK_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
link_hbox = gtk_box_new(GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 0);
@@ -3077,7 +3077,7 @@ void BottomWin::Create(GtkWidget *vbox)
#endif
link_label = gtk_label_new(NULL);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(event_box), link_label);
- gtk_widget_show(link_label);
+// gtk_widget_show(link_label);
label = gtk_label_new(NULL);
gtk_widget_show(label);
gtk_box_pack_end(GTK_BOX(link_hbox), label, true, true, 0);
TurboVNC hidpi
$ GDK_SCALE=2.0 /opt/TurboVNC/bin/vncviewer
HiDPI
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/HiDPI
Failed to load module “xapp-gtk3-module”
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (/run/user/1000) is not owned by us (uid 0), but by uid 1000
$ env | grep GTK
GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge
GTK3_MODULES=xapp-gtk3-module
``
```bash
$ sudo apt install xapp
无法打开扩展管理程序
$ gnome-extensions-app
Gdk-Message: 21:28:07.827: Error flushing display: Protocol error
$ ls /usr/share/glvnd/egl_vendor.d/
10_nvidia.json 50_mesa.json
如果禁用了 Nvidia 的显卡，直接删掉 10_nvidia.json 即可，或者：
$ __EGL_VENDOR_LIBRARY_FILENAMES=/usr/share/glvnd/egl_vendor.d/50_mesa.json gnome-extensions-app
Ver 1.1.8-1 breaks some GTK3/4 apps (Gnome ToDo, Gnome Maps, Cheese) - On Hybrid Graphics configurations
https://github.com/NVIDIA/egl-wayland/issues/41
最后修改于 2022-10-23